{"id":652666,"date":"2025-08-13T00:10:59","date_gmt":"2025-08-13T00:10:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/puo.cn\/?p=652666"},"modified":"2025-08-19T11:14:59","modified_gmt":"2025-08-19T03:14:59","slug":"%e6%96%b0%e4%b9%b0%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e4%b8%8a%e7%ba%bf3%e5%a4%a9%e5%b0%b1%e8%a2%ab%e9%bb%91%ef%bc%9f%e8%bf%99%e5%87%a0%e4%b8%aa%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e5%b0%8f%e6%8a%80%e5%b7%a7%e5%bb%ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/puo.cn\/?p=652666","title":{"rendered":"\u65b0\u4e70\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7ebf3\u5929\u5c31\u88ab\u9ed1\uff1f\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u5c0f\u6280\u5de7\u5efa\u8bae\u8d76\u7d27\u505a\u8d77\u6765~"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\u65b0\u4e70\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7269\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd8\u662f\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff09\u4e00\u65e6\u63a5\u5165\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u9762\u4e34\u5404\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u5982\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3\u3001\u6f0f\u6d1e\u5229\u7528\u3001\u6728\u9a6c\u690d\u5165\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u88ab\u201c\u9ed1\u201d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u56fa\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u7528\u4e14\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6280\u5de7<\/strong>\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u63d0\u5347\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n

\n

\ud83d\udd10 \u4e00\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u5b89\u5168\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u5fc5\u505a\uff01\uff09<\/span><\/h3>\n

1.\u00a0\u4fee\u6539\u9ed8\u8ba4 SSH \u7aef\u53e3<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
    \n
  • \n
    \u9ed8\u8ba4 SSH \u7aef\u53e3\u4e3a 22\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4f1a\u91cd\u70b9\u626b\u63cf\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \u4fee\u6539\u4e3a\u975e\u5e38\u7528\u7aef\u53e3\uff08\u5982 2222\u300165001\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u5927\u5e45\u51cf\u5c11\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    # \u7f16\u8f91 SSH \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>\r\nsudo nano \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config\r\n# \u4fee\u6539 Port 22 \u4e3a Port 2222<\/span>\r\n# \u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1<\/span>\r\nsudo systemctl restart sshd\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n
    \u26a0\ufe0f \u4fee\u6539\u540e\u8bb0\u5f97\u5728\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4e2d\u653e\u884c\u65b0\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
    2.\u00a0\u7981\u7528 root \u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
      \n
    • \n
      \u907f\u514d\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528 root \u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      # \u5728 \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config \u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/span>\r\nPermitRootLogin no\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \n
      • \n
        \u521b\u5efa\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237 + sudo \u6743\u9650\u767b\u5f55\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        <\/section>\n
        3.\u00a0\u4f7f\u7528\u5bc6\u94a5\u767b\u5f55\uff08SSH Key\uff09\uff0c\u7981\u7528\u5bc6\u7801\u767b\u5f55<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
          \n
        • \n
          \u5bc6\u94a5\u6bd4\u5bc6\u7801\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u675c\u7edd\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          # \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u751f\u6210\u5bc6\u94a5\u5bf9<\/span>\r\nssh-keygen -t ed25519\r\n# \u4e0a\u4f20\u516c\u94a5\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/span>\r\nssh-copy-id -i ~\/.ssh\/id_ed25519.pub user@server_ip\r\n# \u7981\u7528\u5bc6\u7801\u767b\u5f55<\/span>\r\nPasswordAuthentication no\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
          4.\u00a0\u66f4\u65b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
          # Ubuntu\/Debian<\/span>\r\nsudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y\r\n\r\n# CentOS\/RHEL<\/span>\r\nsudo yum update -y\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            \n
          • \n
            \u53ca\u65f6\u4fee\u8865\u5df2\u77e5\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
            \n
            \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f \u4e8c\u3001\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u9632\u62a4<\/span><\/h3>\n
            1.\u00a0\u542f\u7528\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff08UFW \/ firewalld\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
              \n
            • \n
              \u53ea\u5f00\u653e\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff08\u5982 SSH\u3001HTTP\u3001HTTPS\uff09\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
              # Ubuntu \u793a\u4f8b<\/span>\r\nsudo ufw allow 2222 \u00a0 \u00a0# SSH<\/span>\r\nsudo ufw allow 80 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0# HTTP<\/span>\r\nsudo ufw allow 443 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0# HTTPS<\/span>\r\nsudo ufw\u00a0enable<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
              2.\u00a0\u4f7f\u7528\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5546\u5b89\u5168\u7ec4<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
                \n
              • \n
                \u5728\u963f\u91cc\u4e91\u3001\u817e\u8baf\u4e91\u7b49\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u5b89\u5168\u7ec4\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u9650\u5236 IP \u8bbf\u95ee\uff08\u5982\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u516c\u53f8\u6216\u5bb6\u5ead IP \u8bbf\u95ee SSH\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7528SSH\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5173\u95ed22\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u518d\u5f00\u653e\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                3.\u00a0\u5b89\u88c5 Fail2Ban\uff08\u9632\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
                  \n
                • \n
                  \u81ea\u52a8\u5c01\u7981\u591a\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\u767b\u5f55\u5931\u8d25\u7684 IP\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                  sudo apt install fail2ban\r\nsudo systemctl\u00a0enable<\/span>\u00a0fail2ban\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                    \n
                  • \n
                    \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\/etc\/fail2ban\/jail.local<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                    \n
                    \ud83e\udde9 \u4e09\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u5b89\u5168<\/span><\/h3>\n
                    1.\u00a0\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u5b89\u88c5\u539f\u5219<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
                      \n
                    • \n
                      \u53ea\u5b89\u88c5\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u653b\u51fb\u9762\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                    • \n
                      \u5220\u9664\u65e0\u7528\u670d\u52a1\uff08\u5982 telnet\u3001ftp\u3001rpcbind \u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                      2.\u00a0\u5b9a\u671f\u68c0\u67e5\u7528\u6237\u548c\u6743\u9650<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
                      # \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237<\/span>\r\ncut -d: -f1 \/etc\/passwd\r\n# \u67e5\u770b sudo \u7528\u6237<\/span>\r\ngrep\u00a0'sudo|wheel'<\/span>\u00a0\/etc\/group\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                        \n
                      • \n
                        \u5220\u9664\u6216\u7981\u7528\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                        3.\u00a0\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f3a\u5bc6\u7801\u7b56\u7565<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
                        # \u5b89\u88c5\u5bc6\u7801\u5f3a\u5ea6\u68c0\u67e5\u6a21\u5757<\/span>\r\nsudo apt install libpam-pwquality\r\n# \u914d\u7f6e\u6700\u5c0f\u957f\u5ea6\u3001\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7b49<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                        4.\u00a0\u5f00\u542f\u65e5\u5fd7\u5ba1\u8ba1\uff08auditd\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
                          \n
                        • \n
                          \u76d1\u63a7\u5173\u952e\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                          sudo apt install auditd\r\nsudo auditctl -w \/etc\/passwd -p wa -k passwd_change\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                          \n
                          \ud83c\udf10 \u56db\u3001Web \u670d\u52a1\u5b89\u5168\uff08\u5982\u8fd0\u884c\u7f51\u7ad9\uff09<\/span><\/h3>\n
                          1.\u00a0\u4f7f\u7528 HTTPS\uff08SSL\/TLS\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
                            \n
                          • \n
                            \u4f7f\u7528 Let’s Encrypt \u514d\u8d39\u8bc1\u4e66\uff1a<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                            sudo certbot --nginx -d yourdomain.com\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                            2.\u00a0\u9690\u85cf\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
                              \n
                            • \n
                              Nginx\/Apache \u5173\u95ed\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u663e\u793a\uff1a<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                              server_tokens off;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                              3.\u00a0\u9632 DDoS \u548c CC \u653b\u51fb<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
                                \n
                              • \n
                                \u4f7f\u7528 Nginx \u9650\u6d41\uff1a<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m rate=10r\/s;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                                  \n
                                • \n
                                  \u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528 CDN\u9690\u85cf\u771f\u5b9e IP\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b WAF \u9632\u62a4\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                  4.\u00a0Web \u5e94\u7528\u5b89\u5168<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
                                    \n
                                  • \n
                                    \u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0 CMS\uff08\u5982 WordPress\uff09\u3001\u63d2\u4ef6\u3001\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                  • \n
                                    \u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u5f31\u53e3\u4ee4\u540e\u53f0\uff08\u5982 admin\/123456\uff09\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                  • \n
                                    \u8bbe\u7f6e\u767b\u5f55\u5931\u8d25\u9501\u5b9a\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                    \n
                                    \ud83d\udce6 \u4e94\u3001\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u5907\u4efd\u5b89\u5168<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                    1.\u00a0\u5b9a\u671f\u5907\u4efd<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
                                      \n
                                    • \n
                                      \u5907\u4efd\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u7f51\u7ad9\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                    • \n
                                      \u4f7f\u7528\u00a0rsync<\/code>\u3001borg<\/code>\u00a0\u6216\u4e91\u5907\u4efd\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                    • \n
                                      \u5907\u4efd\u8981\u79bb\u7ebf\u6216\u5f02\u5730\u5b58\u50a8<\/strong>\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u52d2\u7d22\u75c5\u6bd2\u52a0\u5bc6\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                      2.\u00a0\u52a0\u5bc6\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
                                        \n
                                      • \n
                                        \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5bc6\u7801\u3001API Key \u7b49\u4e0d\u8981\u660e\u6587\u5b58\u50a8\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                      • \n
                                        \u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u5bc6\u94a5\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982 Hashicorp Vault\uff09\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                        \n
                                        \ud83d\udd75\ufe0f \u516d\u3001\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u544a\u8b66<\/span><\/h3>\n
                                        1.\u00a0\u5b89\u88c5\u5b89\u5168\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
                                          \n
                                        • \n
                                          Lynis<\/strong>\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u5ba1\u8ba1\u5de5\u5177<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                          git\u00a0clone<\/span>\u00a0https:\/\/github.com\/CISOfy\/lynis\r\nsudo .\/lynis audit system\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                                            \n
                                          • \n
                                            rkhunter \/ chkrootkit<\/strong>\uff1a\u68c0\u6d4b\u540e\u95e8\u548c rootkit<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                            sudo apt install rkhunter\r\nsudo rkhunter --check\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                                            2.\u00a0\u65e5\u5fd7\u76d1\u63a7<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
                                              \n
                                            • \n
                                              \u4f7f\u7528\u00a0logwatch<\/code>\u00a0\u6216\u00a0ELK<\/code>\u00a0\u5206\u6790\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                            • \n
                                              \u5173\u6ce8\u00a0\/var\/log\/auth.log<\/code>\uff08\u767b\u5f55\u8bb0\u5f55\uff09\u3001\/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log<\/code>\u00a0\u7b49\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                              3.\u00a0\u8bbe\u7f6e\u544a\u8b66<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
                                                \n
                                              • \n
                                                \u901a\u8fc7\u90ae\u4ef6\u6216\u4f01\u4e1a\u5fae\u4fe1\/\u9489\u9489 \u63a8\u9001\u5f02\u5e38\u767b\u5f55\u3001CPU \u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u6ee1\u7b49\u544a\u8b66\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                                              • \n
                                                \u5de5\u5177\uff1ahealthcheck.io<\/code>\u3001Zabbix<\/code>\u3001Prometheus + Alertmanager<\/code>\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                \n
                                                \ud83e\uddf0 \u4e03\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u5b9e\u7528\u5efa\u8bae<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                                \n
                                                \u6280\u5de7<\/section>\n<\/th>\n
                                                		\n
                                                \u8bf4\u660e<\/section>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                                                \u4f7f\u7528\u8df3\u677f\u673a\uff08\u5821\u5792\u673a\uff09<\/strong><\/td>\n\n
                                                \u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u53f0\u8df3\u677f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                \u5b9a\u671f\u5b89\u5168\u626b\u63cf<\/strong><\/td>\n\n
                                                \u4f7f\u7528\u00a0nmap<\/code>\u00a0\u626b\u63cf\u5f00\u653e\u7aef\u53e3\uff0cnikto<\/code>\u00a0\u626b\u63cf Web \u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002<\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                \u5173\u95ed IPv6\uff08\u5982\u4e0d\u7528\uff09<\/strong><\/td>\n\n
                                                \u51cf\u5c11\u653b\u51fb\u9762\u3002<\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                \u7981\u7528 USB \u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d<\/strong><\/td>\n\n
                                                \u7269\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9632\u6076\u610f\u8bbe\u5907\u63a5\u5165\u3002<\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                \u542f\u7528\u53cc\u56e0\u7d20\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff082FA\uff09<\/strong><\/td>\n\n
                                                \u5982 Google Authenticator \u7528\u4e8e SSH \u767b\u5f55\uff08\u9700\u989d\u5916\u914d\u7f6e\uff09\u3002<\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
                                                \n
                                                \u2705 \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168 Checklist<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                                \n
                                                \u9879\u76ee<\/section>\n<\/th>\n
                                                		\n
                                                \u662f\u5426\u5b8c\u6210<\/section>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                                                \n
                                                \u4fee\u6539 SSH \u7aef\u53e3<\/section>\n<\/td>\n
                                                		\n
                                                \u2705<\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                \n
                                                \u7981\u7528 root \u767b\u5f55<\/section>\n<\/td>\n
                                                		\n
                                                \u2705<\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                \n
                                                \u4f7f\u7528 SSH \u5bc6\u94a5\u767b\u5f55<\/section>\n<\/td>\n
                                                		\n
                                                \u2705<\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                \n
                                                \u542f\u7528\u9632\u706b\u5899<\/section>\n<\/td>\n
                                                		\n
                                                \u2705<\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                \n
                                                \u5b89\u88c5 Fail2Ban<\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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                                                \u914d\u7f6e HTTPS<\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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